Volume 111 (2023)

The Science of Ancient Warfare and Defense

Wars and defense systems are a cross-cultural human phenomenon and as such, warriors, soldiers and knights are portrayed as heroic figures that represent either an ideal of righteousness battling for the greater good, or the incarnation of brute force and evil. The highly evaluated status of warriors evolved from the battlefield to the public sphere, such as entertainment and ceremonial processions. In all these instances, the equipment carried by warriors served as symbols of war, battle and defense, of chivalry and threat, of power and authority. This volume presents excavation reports and research articles that touch upon a variety of aspects concerning war and warfare over a period of seven millennia.